Ahmose

 Ahmose I, a king of ancient Egypt and founder of the Eighteenth Dynasty, was a member of the royal family of Thebes, son of King Seqenenre and brother of the last king of the seventeenth dynasty, King Kamose. Under his father or grandfather, Thebes rebelled against the Hyksos, rulers of Lower Egypt.

When he was seven years old his father was killed, and at about ten when his brother died of unknown causes, he reigned only for three years. Ahmose I assumed the throne after his brother's death, and after his accession became known as Neb-Betti-Ra (Lord of Power Ra).

His grandfather, Seqenen Ra Taa, and his grandmother, Tatshiri, had more than twelve children. The brother and sister got married according to the traditions of the queens in ancient Egypt, they had Ahmose I, Kamose, and many more females. Ahmose followed his father's traditions, married several of his sisters, and made his sister Ahmose-Nefertari his main wife. They had many sons, including female Ahmose Mert Amun and Ahmose Set Amun, males Si Amun, Amenhotep I, Ahmose Ankh and Ra Mos, Ahmose Ankh was the crown prince of Ahmose I, but he died between the year 17 and 22 of the reign of Ahmose. Ahmose I was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, Amenhotep I.

King Seqenen-Ra was the first to start attacking the Hyksos to fight them and their exodus from Egypt and was killed in one of his battles with the Hyksos. Then his son continued the war until he purified Upper Egypt from the Hyksos, then Ahmose expelled the Hyksos out of the country and Thebes regained its sovereignty over all parts of Egypt and its lands previously subject to it from Nubia and Canaan.

Ahmose ran with his armies when he was about 19 years old and used some modern weapons such as war wheels. Many of the people of Thebes joined the army and he and his armies went to Avaris (San al-Hajar now), the capital of the Hyksos and defeated them there and then pursued them to Palestine And he besieged them in the fortress of Sharuhin and scattered them there until they surrendered The Hyksos did not appear after that in history, this battle was around 1580 BC.

He reorganized the administration of the country, opened quarries, mines, and new ways of trade, and started huge building projects of a kind that had not taken place since the time of the Middle Kingdom. The reign of Ahmose laid the foundations for the era of the modern state, according to which the Egyptian state reached its climax.

He also reconstructed the destroyed temples and took Thebes as his capital, and Amon was the official idol of his time. Ahmose's rule lasted for a quarter of a century and he died at the age of almost 35 years. After Ahmose expelled the Hyksos from Egypt, he returned to the country in 1571 and headed for internal reform, which made historians consider him the founder of the modern state.

It is believed that Ahmose had two tombs, one in Abydos and consisting of a sloping temple, a funerary tomb and the remains of a pyramid discovered in 1899, and it was known that it was his pyramid in 1902 and a pyramid temple, and the other in Thebes was looted by thieves.

 His mummy was discovered in 1881 in the cache of Deir al-Bahari with the mummies of some of the kings of the eighteenth, nineteenth and twenty-first dynasties, and his mummy was identified on June 9, 1886 by Gaston Maspero, and the length of the mummy was 1.63 cm and had a relatively small face compared to the size of the chest.

The status of the woman reached the point of giving her the highest military honor in ancient Egypt, which is the gift of the young king Ahmose to his mother, Iahhotep, after he defeated the Hyksos and expelled them from Egyptian lands, completing the role of his father, Seqenen Ra, and his brother, Kamose.

He stressed that Ahmose did not forget his mother's role in this victory, so he gifted her the medal (the golden fly) in appreciation of her courage and steadfastness and in recognition of her great role in this victory, explaining that this medal was considered the highest and most prestigious military decoration in the country at that time; Where he was granted why he played a heroic role in military battles.

He added that Iahhotep was the first woman to receive this medal, in addition to gifting her gold jewelry and unique bracelets, pointing out that Ahmose was not satisfied with that only, but called for the veneration of his mother, and her sanctification in her life and after her death.